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1、求翻译 a Turkish dictator imposed European custume upon his subjects under pain of death
3、Pay cuts, unheard of during times of growth, may even be imposed 翻译。
imposed翻译（imposes翻译）
发布时间：2023-03-19 10:24:15
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本文目录:
一、求翻译 a Turkish dictator imposed European custume upon his subjects under pain of death
你好！
a Turkish dictator imposed European custume upon his subjects under pain of death土耳其独裁者欧洲用户强加给他的臣民在痛苦的死亡
二、中译英··各位英语高手们帮帮忙吧，帮我翻译下面几段文字吧，我始终相信人多力量大的···万分感激··
1, constructivism learning theory basis
Constructivism is a branch of cognitive theory of cognitive development areas, the oldest of the most influential have life psychologists piaget J.P iaget) (proposed in the 1960s. He used in internal and external interaction studies from the perspective of the cognitive development of children, child is found in and around environment reciprocity process, gradually construct knowledge about the external century, which makes its own cognitive structure developed. Later many psychologists and educator, such as vigos dimitrios base (vygotsky), such as Bruner Ausubel, from the cognitive structure and the nature and development condition, the human society environment on the influence of the psychological development, and individual initiative in constructing the important role of cognitive structure process aspects enriched and developed the constructivism theory for its concrete application, create conditions in the teaching process.
As a kind of constructivism learning theory, that knowledge is not taught, learning do not like behaviorism puts it is an exciting - reaction process, but learners in certain contexts, using the necessary study material, through interaction with the environment and others, cooperation, and the process of gradual actively building information. The new information for trainees meaning of the original construction experience; on the other hand, modification or restructuring. And teacher's role is to provide the opportunities and construct knowledge motive, is significance construction helper, promoters and knowledge navigator.
1-2 constructivist teaching
Bruna think in the teaching process, the student is a positive inquirers, teacher's role is to form a kind of let students independent inquiry situation, not with a ready-made knowledge. Constructivist teaching notes the traditional teaching for students to create more management own opportunity, requests the student to the real situation in complex to complete the task. In addition, constructivism also attaches great importance to the teachers and students, between students and students social interactions. Their task through cooperation and discussion, so that students can see things in all its aspects.
1-3 constructivism learning
Constructivism is about how people understand and how to know philosophical and epistemology. The constructivism thoughts and people learning activities relate to a language acquisition and second language acquisition research field of indisputably Switzerland significant impact psychologist piaget. The Dutch university of Michigan roots, with different learning theory (reappear learning and construct learning theory and application of learning theory) learners conducted experiments, the results showed that the structured learner can in three learning (surface study, the thorough study and specific learning) results best result affections. Therefore, "build configurations most with the essence of learning, learning the most favorable to the development potential." human brain
One-three-one constructiveness learning
Constructivism holds that every meaningful learning are actively constructing knowledge for learners process. In the study learners must new information and other information, associate in keep it simple information at the same time, understand complex information. Constructivism stressed that learners is not merely, passively combining display "indoctrinate" knowledge teacher, the other is based on previous cognition structure, socialist and selective perception external information, construct the meaning of things.
1-3-2 goal of learning. Guide
Constructivist learning is goal orientation, because only clearly realized his learners' learning goals and achieve the desired results, the study to just can say is successful. But the constructivist learning guidance is not the goal from outside, but by others formed imposed by the internal learning process, the self-conscious. Determined learners' In constructivism learning, learning goals on learners' learning plays the role of overall orientation. Therefore, in the dynamic in the learning process should encourage learners to establish their own learning objectives, and assess myself to achieve progress acquired during the process.
1-3-3 context learning
Constructivism holds that learning is a close contact with the situation of independent operating activities. Situation creation is the necessary premise significance construction. The situation should be learning happens the true situation learning tasks. In this really's situation, the learners' knowledge structure and multiple memory way is to measure whether characterized learning is the key point of success. Constructivism stressed the study should focus on various situations of knowledge representation (semantics and the plot and action), and make the connection between the knowledge, memory characterization and diversified situation inter-related.
三、Pay cuts, unheard of during times of growth, may even be imposed 翻译。
有可能 (May even be imposed) 平时在生意发展的时候不会发生的 (unheard of during times of growth) 扣薪水 (Pay cuts) 手段，
四、求助高手,帮忙翻译成英文
要做到这些，教师需要从以下几个方面努力：
1、 更新教育观念，转变教师角色。美国人本主义心理学家罗杰斯认为，人的认知活动总是伴随着一定的情感因素，当情感因素受到压抑甚至抹杀时，人的自我创造潜能 得不到发展和实现；而只有用真实的、对个人的尊重和理解学生内心世界的态度，才能激发起学生的学习热情，增强他们的自信心。然而，传统的课堂教学就是教师 作为传授者、组织者、控制者，向学生传授知识并组织和控制课堂教学的进程。教师给学生一种“居高临下”的感觉，学生是被动的知识学习者，教学几乎是一种单 向传递的方式，教师把自己的“需要学什么”和“应当怎样学”的标准强加给学生，满足于“要学生跟我学”。这种教育观念的长期存在，必然会导致课堂教学缺乏 情感交流，陷入一种无生气的状态，导致学生上课参与意识不强、英语学习兴趣不浓。
教师应是“引导者”，是“帮助者”，帮助学生学，创造条件让学生 学。从某种意义上说，外语教师有时又是一个“交际合作者”。教师应经常和学生进行交际，同学生保持平等的身份，使学生感到轻松愉快，解除思想顾虑，教师要 在友好的气氛中帮助学生提高外语交际水平。教师还是“心理治疗者”，要帮助学习困难的学生找出困难原因，分析消极因素的影响，并从心理上帮助他们克服阻遏 外语学习的消极因素，使他们放下包袱，充满信心，学好外语。
To achieve this, teachers need the efforts from the following aspects:
1, update their concepts of education, the changing role of teachers. Rogers and psychologists of the Americans believe that human cognitive activity is always accompanied by a certain degree of emotional factors, emotional factors when depressed or even denied, the person's self-development and creative potential is not realized; and only use true, on the respect for and understanding of individual students the attitude of the inner world in order to arouse the enthusiasm of students and enhance their self-confidence. However, traditional classroom teaching is to teach teachers as perpetrators, organizers, control, and passing on knowledge to students and to organize and control the process of classroom teaching. Teachers to the students a kind of "down" feeling, the knowledge students are passive learners, teaching is almost a one-way transmission mode, teachers to their own "need to learn what" and "how to learn" standard imposed on students to meet in the "follow me to the students." This long-term existence of the concept of education, classroom teaching will inevitably lead to a lack of emotional exchange, into a state of lethargy, leading to participation in the awareness of students do not have a strong interest in learning English is not strong.
Teachers should be the "guide" and "help" to assist students to learn, to create conditions for students to learn. In a sense, sometimes a foreign language teacher is a "social partners." Teachers and students should always be communication with the students to maintain equal status, so that students feel relaxed and happy, the lifting of the ideological concerns that teachers have in a friendly atmosphere to help students raise the level of foreign language communication. Teachers or "psychological treatment", to help children with learning difficulties to find out the reasons for the difficulties to analyze the impact of negative factors, and to help them overcome the psychological repression of the negative factors in foreign language learning, so that they lay down their burdens, and confidence in learning a foreign language.
2、课堂上要注重形象鼓励、语言鼓励，争取与学生平等相处，增进师生间情感沟通。英语 教学是个复杂的过程，课堂上师生交流频繁。一名优秀的教师应利用这有利的条件，加强与学生的交流，增进师生感情。例如教师可用形象鼓励、语言鼓励等方式， 对学生的点滴进步都要给予及时的肯定和鼓励。当学生回答问题时，教师一定要注意形象鼓励，要面带微笑，认真倾听，让学生感到教师非常重视他，以此拉近师生 的关系，而不是显得满不在乎，漫不经心；若学生回答问题正确了，教师要给予表杨：Greed/Interesting/That is a good idea/I’m glad to hear that/That’s what I thought.…教师的话会给予学生成功的喜悦，从而不断强化学生参与交际的信心。若学生回答错误了，教师不能只是简单的说“no”，而是辅以关心、激 励的表情，使学生体会到温暖和力量。教师还要使用一些建议性的、易于接受的、委婉的表达方法：“You need work harder and pay more attention to you…”而不是说那些伤害学生自尊、挫伤积极性的话语：“You aren’t studying hard.”“you’re so stupid/numb/stubborn/dumb.”
2, we should pay attention to the image of the classroom to encourage, language encouragement for equality with the students, to promote emotional communication between teachers and students. English teaching is a complex process, the classroom teacher-student exchange. Teachers should be a good use of these favorable conditions to strengthen the exchange of students, teachers and students to promote feelings. For example, the image can be used to encourage teachers, language, etc. to encourage the students should be given the little progress in a timely affirmation and encouragement. When students answer questions, teachers must pay attention to the image of encouragement with a smile to seriously listen to, so that students feel that teachers attach great importance to him, as a closer relationship between teachers and students, rather than appear nonchalant, casual; if students answer questions correctly and teachers should be given in table Yang: Greed / Interesting / That is a good idea / I'm glad to hear that / That 's what I thought. ... If the teachers will give students the joy of success, so as to continuously strengthen the students to participate in communication confidence. If the answer to the wrong students, and teachers can not simply say "no", but with concern, encouraging expression, to enable students to appreciate the warmth and strength. Teachers would also like to use some of the recommendations in nature, easily acceptable, euphemistic expression: "You need work harder and pay more attention to you ..." rather than hurt the students said that the self-esteem, discourage the enthusiasm of the words: "You aren't studying hard. "" you're so stupid / numb / stubborn / dumb. "
3、采取灵活多样的教学方法，激发学生的学习动机。 外语学习动机是人类行为动机之一，它表现在渴求外语学习的强烈愿望和求知欲。它是直接推动外语学习的一种内部动因，是外语学习者在外语学习状态中的一种自 觉能动性和积极性的心理状态。有动机的外语学习，学习效果好，而无动机的外语学习往往成为一种负担，学习效果不佳。有些学生外语学习差，其根本原因是自己 没有强烈的外语学习动机。教师首先要利用学生本身固有的动机，如好奇心、对成功和自尊的渴望、乐玩(love or fun)及好动等，激发学生的学习动机。同时，要根据不同的教学内容采用多种多样的教学方法，特别是充分发挥现代信息技术在英语教学中的作用，为学生创设 一个良好的学习环境，激发学生的学习兴趣和学习动机。
3, to adopt a flexible and diverse teaching methods, to stimulate their motivation to learn. Motivation to learn a foreign language is one of the motives behind human behavior, it reflected in the desire to learn foreign languages and a strong desire to thirst for knowledge. It is the direct promotion of foreign language learning of an internal dynamics, is a foreign language learners in foreign language learning in a conscious state initiative and a positive state of mind. Motivated to learn a foreign language, learning, and not motivated to learn a foreign language often becomes a burden, poor learning outcomes. Some students learn a foreign language difference, the fundamental reason for this is not their strong motivation to learn a foreign language. First of all teachers to take advantage of inherent motivation of students, such as curiosity, self-esteem on the success and the desire to play music (love or fun) and a good move and so on, to stimulate their motivation to learn. At the same time, the teaching content according to different variety of teaching methods used, in particular, give full play to the modern information technology in the role of English language teaching for students to create a good learning environment to stimulate students interest in learning and motivation.
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