genetically怎么读（gertinly怎么读）

大家好！今天让创意岭的小编来大家介绍下关于genetically怎么读的问题，以下是小编对此问题的归纳整理，让我们一起来看看吧。

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本文目录:

• 1、koala怎么读

• 2、thedebateovergenetically出自

• 3、雅思阅读A类：PaperRecycling

• 4、如何阅读美国食品标签

一、koala怎么读

英 [kəʊ'ɑːlə]，美 [koʊ'ɑːlə]

一、意思：n. 考拉；树袋熊

二、例句

The koala is the most popular animal in this zoo.

考拉是这个动物园里最受欢迎的动物。

三、词汇搭配

koala bear 考拉熊；无尾熊；树袋...

扩展资料：

生长环境

考拉栖息于澳大利亚东部沿海的岛屿、高大的桉树林以及内陆的低地森林等各种环境。然而，数百万年前，考拉的祖先却是生活在热带雨林中，长期的进化，使得考拉逐渐地退出了原有的栖息环境。

野生的考拉只会在适合其居住的地方出现，其中有2个重要的因素必不可少，其一是居住地必须有考拉首选采食、并有适宜的土壤和降雨来保证生长的树种（包括非桉树树种）存在，其二是早已有其它的考拉在此定居。

参考资料来源：百度百科-Koala

二、thedebateovergenetically出自

英语六级题库。thedebateovergenetically是2019年英语六级阅读理解试题库第三套里面的问题，12月六级真题全国共考了两套听力。本套（即第三套）的听力内容与第二套的内容完全相同，原文是InBrazilthedebateovergeneticallymodifiedorgani。

三、雅思阅读A类：PaperRecycling

大家在找雅思阅读材料的时候千万不能盲目地找，要找一些难度和内容与雅思阅读切合的 文章 ，下面我给大家带来雅思阅读A类：Paper Recycling，来看看吧！

雅思阅读A类：Paper Recycling

You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 30-41 which are based on the Reading Passage below.

PAPER RECYCLING

A Paper is different from other waste produce because it comes from a sustainable resource: trees. Unlike the minerals and oil used to make plastics and metals, trees are replaceable. Paper is also biodegradable, so it does not pose as much threat to the environment when it is discarded. While 45 out of every 100 tonnes of wood fibre used to make paper in Australia comes from waste paper, the rest comes directly from virgin fibre from forests and plantations. By world standards, this is a good performance since the worldwide average is 33 percent waste paper. Governments have encouraged waste paper collection and sorting schemes and at the same time, the paper industry has responded by developing new recycling technologies that have paved the way for even greater utilization of used fibre. As a result, industry’s use of recycled fibres is expected to increase at twice the rate of virgin fibre over the coming years.

B Already, waste paper constitutes 70% of paper used for packaging and advances in the technology required to remove ink from the paper have allowed a higher recycled content in newsprint and writing paper. To achieve the benefits of recycling, the community must also contribute. We need to accept a change in the quality of paper products; for example, stationery may be less white and of a rougher texture. There also needs to support from the community for waste paper collection programs. Not only do we need to make the paper available to collectors but it also needs to be separated into different types and sorted from contaminants such as staples, paperclips, string and other miscellaneous items.

C There are technical limitations to the amount of paper which can be recycled and some paper products cannot be collected for re-use. These include paper in the form of books and permanent records, photographic paper and paper which is badly contaminated. The four most common sources of paper for recycling are factories and retail stores which gather large amounts of packaging material in which goods are delivered, also offices which have unwanted business documents and computer output, paper converters and printers and lastly households which discard newspapers and packaging material. The paper manufacturer pays a price for the paper and may also incur the collection cost.

D Once collected, the paper has to be sorted by hand by people trained to recognise various types of paper. This is necessary because some types of paper can only be made from particular kinds of recycled fibre. The sorted paper then has to be repulped or mixed with water and broken down into its individual fibres. This mixture is called stock and may contain a wide variety of contaminating materials, particularly if it is made from mixed waste paper which has had little sorting. Various machineries are used to remove other materials from the stock. After passing through the repulping process, the fibres from printed waste paper are grey in colour because the printing ink has soaked into the individual fibres. This recycled material can only be used in products where the grey colour does not matter, such as cardboard boxes but if the grey colour is not acceptable, the fibres must be de-inked. This involves adding chemicals such as caustic soda or other alkalis, soaps and detergents, water-hardening agents such as calcium chloride, frothing agents and bleaching agents. Before the recycled fibres can be made into paper they must be refined or treated in such a way that they bond together.

E Most paper products must contain some virgin fibre as well as recycled fibres and unlike glass, paper cannot be recycled indefinitely. Most paper is down-cycled which means that a product made from recycled paper is of an inferior quality to the original paper. Recycling paper is beneficial in that it saves some of the energy, labour and capital that go into producing virgin pulp. However, recycling requires the use of fossil fuel, a non-renewable energy source, to collect the waste paper from the community and to process it to produce new paper. And the recycling process still creates emissions which require treatment before they can be disposed of safely. Nevertheless, paper recycling is an important economical and environmental practice but one which must be carried out in a rational and viable manner for it to be useful to both industry and the community.

Questions 30-36

Complete the summary below of the first two paragraphs of the Reading Passage.

Choose ONE OR TWO WORDS from the Reading Passage for each answer.

Write your answers in boxes 30-36 on your answer sheet.

SUMMARY

Example ….

From the point of view of recycling, paper has two advantages over minerals and ………..oil……….

in that firstly it comes from a resource which is …….. (30) …….. and secondly, it is less threatening to our environment when we throw it away because it is ……. (31) …… Although Australia’s record in the re-use of waste paper is good, it is still necessary to use a combination of recycled fibre and …….. (32) …….. to make new paper. The paper industry has contributed positively and people have also been encouraged by ………(33) ……… to collect their waste on a regular basis. One major difficulty is the removal of ink from used paper but ……… (34) ……… are being made in this area. However, we need to learn to accept paper which is generally of a lower ……… (35) ……… than before and to sort our waste paper by removing ……… (36) …….. before discarding it for collection.

Look at paragraphs C, D, and E and, using the information in the passage, complete the flow chart below. Write your answers in boxes 37-41 on your answer sheet. Use ONE OR TWO WORDS for each answer.

Answer:

30. sustamable 31. biodegradable 32. virgin fibre/ pulp 33. governments/ the government 34. advances 35. quality 36. contaminants 37. offices 38. sorted 39. (re)pulped 40. de-ink/ remove ink/ make white 41. refined

雅思阅读--切莫“望文生义”

一、利用定义式线索进行猜测

定义是作者为了更好地表达思想，在文章中对一些重要的概念、难懂的术语或 词汇等所作的解释。这些解释提供的信息具有明确的针对性，利用它们猜测词义比较容易。例如:Kinetic energy is the energy of moving particles. Kinetic enegry 可能是生词，由定义可知，表语是说明主语性质内容的。所以kinetic energy就是“运动粒子的能量”。

再如Typhoons are cyclones，storms with strong winds rotating around a low-pressure center.如果cyclones是生词，推断该词义的线索就是其后面的解释“绕低气压中心形成的暴风雨”由此我们可知cyclones的意思是“绕低气压中心形成的暴风雨”。在这种解释中定义句的谓语动词多为：be, mean, deal with, be considered, to be, refer to, be called, be known as, define, represent, signify, constitute等。

二、根据进一步阐述猜测词义

虽然进一步阐述不如定义那样严谨、详细，但是提供的信息足以使我们猜出生词的词义。复述部分可以是适当的词， 短语 或者 句子 。例如Experts in kinesics, in their study of body motion as related to speech ,hope to discover new methods of communications.

逗号中短语的意思是“对肢体语言进行研究的学科”。短语与前面生词kinesics是同位关系，因此我们不难猜出kinesics指“肢体语言学”。在这种复述当中,构成同位关系的两部分之间多用逗号连接，有时也使用破折号，冒号，分号，引号，和括号等。

另外同位语前还常有or, similarly, that is to say, in other words, namely, or other, 等副词或短语出现。另外一种会以定语从句的形式出现如从句Obesity, which is a medical disorder that affects approximately 20-30% of the population of the United States of America. It is an excessive accumulation of body fat that results from the storage of excess food energy calories in the body's fat cells.

根据生词obesity后面的非限制性定语从句which is a medical disorder that affects approximately 20-30% of the population of the United States of America. It is an excessive accumulation of body fat that results from the storage of excess food energy calories in the body's fat cells. 我们可以推断出 obesity的含义，即“过度肥胖”。

三、根据举例猜测词义

恰当的举例能够提供猜测生词的重要线索，例如The consequences of epochal events such as wars and great scientific discoveries are not confined to a small geographical area as they were in the past. 句中“战争”和“重大科学发现”是生词的实例，通过它们我们可以猜出epochal的 大致词义“重要的”。

四、根据上下文的语境关联猜测词义

例如Computers have been used for most kinds of crime, including fraud theft, larceny, embezzlement, burglary, sabotage, murder and forgery, since the first cases were reported in 1985. 这句话中有许多生词出现，但通过上文的crime和murder一词，我们可以知道这些下划线词都是与犯罪有关的词。在考试中，就不必费心去考虑它们的具体意思，知道大概类别即可。

再如Goran Ivanisevic fears only one service in tennis -- Michael Stichs. His toss is always the same: the straight one or the topspin. Sampras has a good serve and Becker too, but Stichs is the toughest to read.在此例中，大多数词用于 网球 运动中的一些专门词汇，我们可以不必理会，而主要关注认识的那些词。这样能够大概理解此句讲的是网球选手Goran害怕某种service, 通过上下文大致可得知这是指网球运动中的一个动作(比如发球、扣球等)。

其实，service就是“发球”的意思。从形容词straight可知Stichs发球的特点，而且他是最难预测的一个。这样一来就可以很好地把握文章内容了。

雅思阅读--如何排除干扰项

一、 重要干扰项

重要干扰项就是指，这种选项虽然不是正确答案，却与原文不冲突(或者很难判断是否与原文冲突)，它们与正确答案看起来比较相似，只不过不如正确答案更准确、更完整或更严谨。我们和我一起来看下面的例子：

In Tarkovsky’s opinion, the attraction of the cinema is that it

A aims to impress its audience.

B tells stories better than books.

C illustrates the passing of time.

D describes familiar events.

我们可以定位到原文的C段和D段，C段提到：The frightened audience could not accept that they were watching a mere picture. Pictures were still, only reality moved; this must, therefore, be reality. In their confusion, they feared that a real train was about to crush them. 这一段文字表达了观众当时的反应，观众们很难接受自己看到的是图画而不是事实。D段提到：The key to that magic was the way in which cinema created a dynamic image of the real flow of events. A still picture could only imply the existence of time, while time in a novel passed at the whim of the reader. But in cinema, the real, objective flow of time was captured. 这段文字描述了电影创造了事件随时间的发展演变，并且用picture和novel进行类比，强调电影的魔力是让人清楚地看到事情流畅地随时间演变。

根据这两段文字所表达的意思，很多学生会选择A或B选项，因为原文提及了观众、小说(书)的内容。A和B两个选项与原文所讲的内容并不是矛盾或完全不符合的。因此，这两个选项就干扰了我们正确的选择。当我们把这两段文字仔细推敲之后，发现描述观众的反应和对比书和电影的区别，都是为了表达电影的魔力在于表达事件随时间的发展这一主题含义。C项的含义比AB要更准确，因此答案选择C项。

二、 错误干扰项

相比之下，多选题目的错误干扰项就较容易识别出来了。我们可以看到，有些题目中，某个选项与原文是直接矛盾的，那么肯定不会选择它为正确的答案。比如：

A recent survey found that in British secondary schools,

A there was more bullying than had previously been the case.

B there was less bullying than in primary schools.

C cases of persistent bullying were very common.

D indirect forms of bullying were particularly difficult to deal with.

我们看到原文，其中有一句话是：There was less bullying in secondary schools, with about one in twenty-five suffering persistent bullying. 通过这句话，我们可以明显地判断出，C项的含义与原文是矛盾的。very common和one in twenty-five的比例是明显不符的。因此，C选项就是一个错误的干扰项，我们可以确定地排除答案是C项的可能性。

雅思阅读如何判断出题者意图

如何判断雅思阅读题考察点

雅思阅读备考有些学生为了省事省力又省心，总是想尽各种 方法 寻求雅思阅读学习技巧，从而进一步将自己的雅思阅读提高方法更准确无误的 总结 出来。事实上，技巧的掌握是辅助学生做雅思阅读题的工具，它的存在可以有效的保障学生探测出题人的出题思路和意图。本文为大家介绍从雅思阅读技巧判断出题意图。

从直接用词来直接判断作者的立场

在雅思阅读文章当中，作者的立场主要分为三类：赞成、反对或中立。这需要我们从文章中找出一些旗帜鲜明的词来帮助我们判定(这种立场的分类需要学生在求雅思阅读技巧的同时，对文章的大致内容和题型分类有了解)：例如有一篇介绍GMOs(转基因生物)的文章中，第一句话是：Genetically-modified organisms(GMOs)are a double-edged sword(双刃剑)。这句话是全文或至少是全段的主题句，表明出题者的观点是中立的，认为转基因生物给人类带来益处的同时也带来了危害。在阅读这类文章时，考生应注意把住这两方面的论据在心里加以分类。

通过理解转折词来看作者的态度

作者的观点和态度往往在雅思的文章中有一个先扬后抑的过程，会通过一些转折词表现出来，前面会列出很多幌子来迷惑考生。这些常用的有：although，though，while，on the other hand，however，rather，but，despite，in spite of等。

雅思阅读提高方法的找寻需要学生在细节上有很好的耐力和查找能力，其中转折词的存在大有裨益。表示转折的词是猜测单词词义的很好的线索。另外，在一句话中，转折词后的部分往往是出题者表达的重点，所强调的东西。如果时间紧张的话，考生甚至可以跳过这些词前面的部分，直接阅读后半句话，因为这常常是问题涉及到的。

通过原因和结果推测作者的意图

在阅读过程中，了解出题者解释某个事件或情况的原因是很重要的。因果关系是帮助考生理解文章的线索之一。因此，考生应掌握下列词汇。解释原因的：because，because of，due to，result from，as a result of，be a consequence of，be attributed to;表示结果的：as a result，result in，lead to，cause，contributed to.

四、如何阅读美国食品标签

在美国食品的包装上，通常有六部分美国联邦法律规定必须标注的内容。

1、Identification(身份)

这一部分有两方面的内容，一是产品的名称、含量;二是生产商、包装商以及经销商的名称和联络方式。如果该公司没有在所在城市电话簿中进行登记，还必须标注出公司的详细地址。

2、Ingredients (配料)

配料的名单必须按照内容量的比例由大到小排序。比如一罐花生酱，其配料的排列顺序就是roasted peanuts(烘干花生), sugar(糖), hydrogenated vegetable oils(氢化植物油), salt(盐)。所以，患有糖尿病和高血压的患者，当看到食品中含有sugar(糖)和salt(盐)等配料时，应该意识到这种食品不宜食用。

美国有一种花花绿绿水果味道的早餐麦圈很受小孩子喜欢，叫Froot Loops。其实这种麦片原名叫Fruit Loops，意为水果圈。但标签上的十几种配料中，根本就没有水果的痕迹。所以，这种食品迫于压力改了名。但是，这种产品水果的形象强烈深刻(Froot和意思为水果的Fruit发音相同，词形也相似)，商家设的这个圈让消费者一钻就是几十年。

在食品配料中，美国目前并没有明确法律要求针对转基因食品进行标注。这方面立法最大的困难是对转基因(Genetically modified)这一概念难以划定界限以及庞大利益群体的阻挠。尽管民间呼吁不断，立法提案层出，但最终还是纷纷落马。因为没有相关立法，强调非转基因食品标签上可能会出现如下措辞：

GMO free，not genetically modified，not genetically engineered，no using of biotechnology。带有这些英文标识的，就是非转基因食品。

3、Serving Size(食用份量)

这是为计算营养成分而设定的每餐食用量，是非常重要的一个数量，也是商家带着消费者做脑筋急转弯的题目。如果不细看这个数量，很容易被后面的每日摄入量误导。

你拿到一袋薯片，包装上标注有Serving Size 18，意思是18片薯片为一个serving size。不过，分量(serving)不是指这袋薯片的量，可能这袋薯片好几个分量(serving)。

例如，这盒果冻的标签上写着每一个serving(分量)只有80个卡路里，但是当我们抱着健康减肥的幻想，把一盒不含工业明胶的放心果冻吃下去时，会发现这一盒实际包括四个servings。做做乘法，就会发现你几口便轻易地吞下了一顿饭的热量。

4、Nutrition Facts(营养表)

早在上世纪90年代初就施行的美国《营养标签和教育法》(Nutrition Labeling and Education Act，NLEA )规定，食品应当根据每餐食用量标注营养成分含量。这些成分包括：calories(卡路里，即热量);total fat/saturated and trans fat(全部脂肪/饱和脂肪和反式脂肪); cholesterol(胆固醇); sodium(钠);total carbohydrates (dietary fiber and sugars)(碳水化合物，如食物纤维、糖);protein(蛋白质)。

除此之外，还需要对主要的微量元素进行标注，如维生素A、C和钙、铁等元素。如果食品的包装上出现了关于某种特别维生素或矿物质的宣传，那么这种成分的含量也必须单列出来。

5、 %Daily Values(日需摄入量占比)

依照美国食品和药物管理局(Food and Drug Administration，FDA)的规定，营养标签上还需包括每日摄入量百分比。这个总量是以每人每天摄入2000或2500卡路里热量计算的(不适用孕妇、哺乳期妇女、四岁下儿童)。看懂这个计算就能让我们避免被商品包装上的营养宣传口号误导。

比如，一小盒哈根达斯冰激凌，营养成分标注的饱和脂肪含量为每日摄入量的50%，这样的脂肪含量已经很惊人了。不过，可能你决定豁出去放纵自己一下。不过，当你三口两口把整盒都干掉的时候，才发现serving size旁边的小字写的是：1/ 2 cup(半份含量)!

6、 Health Claims(健康声明)

健康声明是生产商标注在包装正面醒目位置的一些提示性话语，是美国食品和药物管理局对商家五花八门自吹自擂行为进行的约束，具体的条文十分细致。

比如less fat/low fat/fat free(少脂肪、低脂肪、无脂肪)，这三种脂肪含量的描述就被严格地定义。

less fat(少脂肪)，指比同类普通食品少25%或25%以上的脂肪;low fat(低脂肪)，指每餐食用量少于3克脂肪;fat free(无脂肪)，指每餐食用量少于0.5克脂肪。这一文件可以在美国食品和药物管理局网站上的行业指南：食品标签指南(Guidance for Industry: A Food Labeling Guide)上找到。

最后需要提醒的是，在美国食品标签管理上最混乱的一个区域──保质期。

在美国，购买的食品上都能找到生产商自觉标注的保质期。因为没有统一格式，就需要我们用点心思来辨识。

Sell by+日期意为×××前销售。不过，这是生产商用来约束零售商的日期，并不代表这个食品到那天就不能食用了。

Best if Used By(or Before) +日期，意为最佳食用期是×××，是建议消费者在此日期前食用。在此日期之后食用，可能会缺失风味或营养，但不代表不能食用。

Use By+日期，生产商判断在此日期后该产品不再适合食用，应该立刻丢弃。Closed/coded+日期是产品包装的日期，多见于超市生鲜类食品。

要注意的是，与中国年/月/日的日期表达格式不同，美国的日期标准表达格式是月/日/年。

因为除了婴儿配方奶粉，美国没有联邦法律规定食品必须标注保质期。实际上，法律在这方面的空白，也是为了保护消费者的利益。因为食品制造者无法以产品超出保质期为由推脱责任。(来源：超市周刊 作者：张衡　)

以上就是关于genetically怎么读相关问题的回答。希望能帮到你，如有更多相关问题，您也可以联系我们的客服进行咨询，客服也会为您讲解更多精彩的知识和内容。

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